Understanding standards and tolerances
When measuring a staircase, it's essential to be aware of the standards in force, particularly in terms of step height, tread and inclination. In Switzerland, these parameters are defined to ensure safety and accessibility. For example, the step height should generally be between 16 and 19 cm, while the tread should allow a comfortable, stable step. Respecting these values not only avoids regulatory problems, but also inconveniences for users. An accurate survey allows compliance to be checked and any necessary adjustments to be planned at the design stage.
Classic Methods for Measuring Staircases, Stairwells and Handrails
Measuring Tape
You often use a tape measure because it's the most common and accessible method. It is used to measure the horizontal and vertical dimensions of steps, risers and stringers. Although this method is simple, it can be prone to human error, particularly on complex staircases.
Bubble Level and Ruler
You can also use a spirit level and a ruler to check the angles and levels of the different parts of the staircase. These tools often complement the tape measure. They ensure that the staircase is correctly aligned and level, guaranteeing the safety and comfort of users.
Templates and Walking Templates
These tools are essential for winding or spiral staircases, where the dimensions vary from step to step. Templates allow you to reproduce the exact shapes and angles required.
Inclinometer
The inclinometer measures the angle of slope of the staircase. This is crucial for ensuring the comfort and safety of the staircase.
To obtain reliable measurements using traditional methods, it is essential to follow a rigorous protocol. This includes taking measurements at several points to check the regularity of the steps, taking into account manufacturing tolerances, and using tracing tools to accurately transfer the dimensions taken. In the case of old staircases, it is also important to anticipate any deformations caused by the passage of time, which can distort the measurements if they are not detected and corrected before the design or renovation work.
Our technique: Laser scanning
At 3D Scan Bat, we use an advanced laser scanning method to measure a staircase, stairwell or handrail. This technique offers unrivalled accuracy and captures the smallest details using a point cloud.
Advantages of Laser Scanning
- Accuracy High The laser scanner captures millions of points, creating an extremely accurate 3D model of the staircase.
- Speed Measuring is quick, reducing the time spent on site and minimising potential interruptions.
- Detail You capture the smallest details, allowing you to better understand and document the structure of the staircase.
One of the major assets of laser scanner survey is its ability to provide digital model usable in computer-aided design software (CAD) and BIM modelling. This enables architects and joiners to integrate measurements directly into their workflow, reduce manufacturing errors and simulate different layout scenarios. What's more, this approach makes it possible to archive the exact state of the staircase at the time of measurement, making it easier to carry out maintenance, replace parts or bring the staircase up to standard at a later date.
Illustration with a Point Cloud
We have illustrated our comments with an image of a point cloud of a wooden staircase with a metal handrail. This point cloud highlights the accuracy of our survey, even on complex structures.
Limitations and solutions
Reflective Materials
Some materials, such as iron or stainless steel, reflect the laser's rays, creating a haze and reducing the accuracy of the reading. However, we have developed techniques to minimise this inconvenience, such as :
- Scanning with Little Light You reduce the ambient brightness, which reduces reflections and improves the quality of the reading.
3D surveying is particularly useful for complex staircasesThese configurations often have irregular geometries that are difficult to measure accurately by hand. These configurations often have irregular geometries that are difficult to measure accurately by hand. The laser scanner makes it possible to capture all volumes in a single operationincluding railings, landings and banisters. This global vision makes it possible to detect any structural deviations, prepare adjustments before manufacture, and ensure perfect assembly, even in confined spaces or with atypical shapes.
Adapting the method to the materials
La type of materials has a direct influence on the measuring technique to be used. For a wooden staircase, manual tools such as a tape and template may suffice, as long as you multiply the control points. For a metal or concrete staircase, the lasergrammetry offers an undeniable advantage in capturing complex shapes and irregular angles. In the case of glazed staircases or staircases with reflective surfaces, specific techniques (taking measurements in low light, software processing) enable usable readings to be obtained. Adapting the method to the material guarantees precision and efficiency, while reducing the risk of error.
Conclusion
Laser scanning remains an excellent method for measuring a staircase, handrail or stairwell, particularly when the surfaces are made of wood or masonry. For non-glossy metal surfaces, we get good quality readings. However, we do not recommend this technique for glass, mirror or shiny metal surfaces. Thanks to our innovative solutions, we overcome some of the challenges associated with measuring reflective materials, guaranteeing optimum accuracy.
